果品分级技术研究的现状及展望

通过有效的检测，及时解决虫害或机械造成的损伤，从而减轻果品之间病虫害的传播，同时 还需要对残次品进行处一定理，以确保成本的有效降低，达到全面提高我国果品的品质，增加国际市 场的竞争力。基于此，本文主要讨论了果品分级技术的落实现状以及发展情况。     

四端法土壤电导率传感器恒流源设计与试验

土壤信息对于指导农业生产有着极为重要的作用，土壤电导率反映了土壤含水量、盐分、粘粒含量和类型等土壤信息，准确获取土壤电导率对于实现农业精细化生产意义重大。在各种土壤电导率测量方法中，四端法因其成本低、精度高、测量快速和操作简便而大量应用于实际测量；恒流源是四端法测量仪器的重要组成部分，其性能直接决定着测量仪器的精度以及测量范围。本文对比了3种恒流源对测量仪器测量性能的影响，发现采用Howland恒流源的四端法测量仪器高电导率测量能力强而低电导率测量范围较小，测量精度最高；采用改进型Howland恒流源的四端法测量仪器低电导率测量范围有所扩大，测量精度良好；采用基于差动放大器的恒流源的电导率仪低电导率测量范围最大，高电导率测量范围较优，测量精度良好。     

基于本科生科研能力培养的普通昆虫学课程教学改革探讨

本文从本科生科研能力培养的角度探讨了普通昆虫学理论课、实验课、实习课及考核方式的教学改革,以期促进创新型植物保护人才的培育。     

农业科研副产品处置的困境及对策探讨

文章阐述了农业科研单位对科研副产品管理的现状及面临的问题,分析了农业科研副产品投入与产出的关系,并提出了以绩效考评为依据的科研副产品处置收入分配方式,从而达到优化科研人员收入分配机制的目的。     

鱼类miRNAs研究新进展

正MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内生性的、进化上高度保守的单链成熟非编码RNA,长度约21~25个核苷酸,广泛存在植物、动物及微生物中~[1-2],参与生物体的胚胎形成、个体生长发育、机体免疫、疾病防御以及繁殖和糖脂类代谢等生命过程~[3-8]。目前,基于生物信息学预测,miRNAs约占整个基因组的2%~3%~[9]。自Lee等~[10]利用定位克隆法从秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)中克隆到     

Is behaviour in a novel environment associated with bodily state in brown trout Salmo trutta fry?

Energetic status and body size are inconstant bodily states often considered to have feedback effects on behaviour. Feedbacks can be negative, like starvation‐threshold feedbacks (lower state values = increased risk taking due to higher energy need, and vice versa), or positive, like state‐dependent safety feedbacks (higher state values = lower vulnerability when expressing risky behaviours, and vice versa). Few studies have investigated feedback effects during the early‐life survival bottleneck of territorial species, when rapid growth is particularly important to maintain competitive ability. We investigated effects of body size and energetic status on the emergence latency into an unknown environment in highly territorial brown trout fry. We manipulated energetic status using high and low food rations in different combinations over two consecutive periods. In contrast to results from other small‐sized fishes, no general behavioural effects of energetic state were detected, but larger fish had on average shorter emergence latency. Starvation‐threshold feedbacks were not supported, but the size effect favours the presence of a state‐dependent safety feedback. When individuals were split into clusters characterised by long (>34 s) and short (<34 s) emergence latency, a state‐dependent safety feedback, based on energetic status, was found in the short‐latency cluster. Positive state‐dependent feedbacks may reflect the high level of competition among wild trout fry during the first summer, particularly among the more active individuals (i.e., from the short latency cluster). High state levels could be utilised to gain advantages over lesser competitors (e.g., to establish territories), particularly if the overall risk of starvation is higher than the risk of predation.     

中国甘蔗产业技术标准体系建设现状与对策

对中国甘蔗产业标准发布情况、标准分布、文本质量、管理现状等做了详细的分析研究，指出中国甘蔗产业标准及标准体系建设中存在的主要问题，提出相应甘蔗产业标准化体系建设的对策和建议。     

Revisiting rice breeding methods – evaluating the use of rapid generation advance (RGA) for routine rice breeding

Rice production needs to increase in the future in order to meet increasing demands. The development of new improved and higher yielding varieties more quickly will be needed to meet this demand. However, most rice breeding programmes in the world have not changed in several decades. In this article, we revisit the evidence in favour of using rapid generation advance (RGA) as a routine breeding method. We describe preliminary activities at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to re-establish RGA on a large scale as the main breeding method for irrigated rice breeding. We also describe experiences from the early adoption at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Evaluation of RGA breeding lines at IRRI for yield, flowering time and plant height indicated transgressive segregation for all traits. Some RGA lines were also higher yielding than the check varieties. The cost advantages of using RGA compared to the pedigree method were also empirically determined by performing an economic analysis. This indicated that RGA is several times more cost effective and advantages will be realized after 1 year even if facilities need to be built. Based on our experience, and previous independent research empirically testing the RGA method in rice, we recommend that this method should be implemented for routine rice breeding in order to improve breeding efficiency.     

基于文献计量分析的中国红树林保护研究现状

以2001～2015年《中国学术期刊(网络版)》为检索依据，采用文献计量分析方法对文献分布的期刊、年代、分布区域、基金项目、研究机构、核心期刊、研究主题分布核心作者等进行统计分析，得出近15年间发表量呈逐年增加趋势；文献获得基金项目支持主要分布于广东、海南、广西、福建、浙江等地区；文献主要涉及保护策略研究、病虫害防治研究、重金属污染研究、入侵植物防控研究、资源调查研究等5个领域，发表核心期刊的论文主要集中在生态科学、湿地科学、生态学杂志等12种期刊；文献出产最多的为厦门大学，其次为中山大学，海南师范大学，第一作者所在机构排名主要以高校和科研单位为主，核心作者主要集中在广西、福建、广东等省份。通过研究揭示了中国红树林保护研究的现状和趋势。     

贵州省食用菌产业现状与可持续性发展分析

笔者分析了贵州省食用菌产业特点与产业优势,认为贵州食用菌产业在自然条件、交通条件以及政策条件等方面均具有较大优势;全省食用菌规模逐渐扩大,品牌效应凸显。进一步总结了贵州省食用菌产业存在的问题,即缺乏行业规范,产品结构较为单一,行业人才匮乏。继而提出了贵州省食用菌产业可持续性发展建议,即加大食用菌产业的开发程度,加强科技支撑及专业人才培养,政府统筹,建立行业标准,重视菌渣的综合开发利用,以实现本省食用菌产业的后发赶超和可持续性发展。